Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
Published on: January 8, 2020
Deployment of a mixed-mode data collection strategy does not reduce nonresponse bias in a general population health
Timothy J Beebe1, Donna D McAlpine, Jeanette Y Ziegenfuss
1Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. beebe.timothy@mayo.edu
Objective:
To assess nonresponse bias in a mixed-mode general population health survey.
Data Sources:
Secondary analysis of linked survey sample frame and administrative data, including demographic and health-related information.
Study Design:
The survey was administered by mail with telephone follow-up to nonrespondents after two mailings. To determine whether an additional mail contact or mode switch reduced nonresponse bias, we compared all respondents (N = 3,437) to respondents from each mailing and telephone respondents to the sample frame (N = 6,716).
Principal Findings:
Switching modes did not minimize the under-representation of younger people, nonwhites, those with congestive heart failure, high users of office-based services, and low-utilizers of the emergency room but did reduce the over-representation of older adults.
Conclusions:
Multiple contact and mixed-mode surveys may increase response rates, but they do not necessarily reduce nonresponse bias.
More Related Videos
09:33Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
Published on: December 23, 2022
11:21Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
Published on: July 27, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Data Collection by Observations
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Surveys
Cluster Sampling Method
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
Data Collection by Survey
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data