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Related Concept Videos

Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
Classical Conditioning01:18

Classical Conditioning

Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs salivated...
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants
05:46

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants

Published on: October 5, 2018

The content of compound conditioning.

Justin A Harris1, Benjamin J Andrew, Evan J Livesey

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. justin.harris@sydney.edu.au

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Rats learned the value of a stimulus component by subtracting its independent value from its value in a compound, supporting rate-based conditioning models.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral neuroscience
  • Animal learning and behavior

Background:

  • Pavlovian conditioning is a fundamental learning process.
  • Understanding how animals learn about compound stimuli is crucial for developing accurate learning models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether rats learn the specific reinforcement rate associated with a component stimulus within a compound stimulus.
  • To test the predictions of rate-based models of conditioning.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were trained using Pavlovian conditioning with compound (AB) and single stimulus (B) presentations.
  • Reinforcement rates were systematically varied (rB = 1/2, 2/3, or 2/5 of rAB).
  • Conditioning strength of stimulus A was assessed via probe trials.

Main Results:

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants
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Published on: October 5, 2018

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats
06:57

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats

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Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice
07:02

Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice

Published on: March 20, 2014

  • Response rates to stimulus A alone were comparable to a control stimulus C (rC = rAB - rB).
  • This indicates rats learned that the value of A was rAB - rB.
  • Findings support a linear relationship between learning content and reinforcement rate.

Conclusions:

  • The results strongly support rate-based models of conditioning.
  • The findings are consistent with the Rescorla-Wagner model under specific conditions regarding learning rates.