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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Computer Numerical Control Micromilling of a Microfluidic Acrylic Device with a Staggered Restriction for Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Immunoassays

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Miniaturized immunoassays: moving beyond the microplate.

Thorsten Verch¹, Ray Bakhtiar

¹Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.

|January 19, 2012

Summary

Microfluidic immunoassays enhance protein biomarker analysis in diagnostics and drug development. This review explores commercial applications and platform technologies, discussing their pros and cons.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Biotechnology

Background:

Immunoassays have been crucial for protein biomarker analysis for over 40 years.
Technological advancements like monoclonal antibodies, novel labels, and microfluidics have significantly improved immunoassay performance.
Microfluidic platforms offer miniaturized and efficient solutions for complex biological analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the commercial applications of microfluidic immunoassays.
To highlight key academic examples of microfluidic immunoassay development.
To discuss the general advantages and disadvantages of various microfluidic immunoassay platforms.

Main Methods:

Literature review of commercial and academic microfluidic immunoassay applications.

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Analysis of different microfluidic immunoassay platforms (e.g., CD assays, lab-on-a-chip, arrays, digital electrochemical assays).

Discussion of technological advancements and their impact on immunoassay development.

Main Results:

Microfluidic immunoassays are increasingly adopted in clinical diagnostics and drug development.
Various microfluidic platforms demonstrate potential for high-throughput and sensitive protein biomarker detection.
Commercial success is observed for specific microfluidic immunoassay designs, while others remain in academic research.

Conclusions:

Microfluidic immunoassays represent a significant evolution in protein biomarker analysis.
The choice of microfluidic platform depends on specific application requirements, balancing performance, cost, and complexity.
Continued innovation in microfluidics promises further advancements in diagnostic and drug development tools.