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Related Concept Videos

Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Anastomoses01:19

Anastomoses

In human anatomy, anastomosis refers to a connection or opening between two things, particularly between blood vessels or other tubular structures. The term is derived from the Greek term 'anastomosis,' which means 'outlet' or 'opening.' This natural network of connections plays a critical role in the survival and functionality of the human body.
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Arterial Anastomosis: These occur between arteries. They are most common in...

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Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection
08:22

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

Published on: July 21, 2013

Brainstem tethering with Ondine's curse.

Zhan Liu1, Yanyang He, Song Li

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou Hospital, Henan province, People's Republic of China.

World Neurosurgery
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brainstem tethering, a rare complication of occipital encephalocele, can cause breathing issues like Ondine's curse. Early surgical detethering of the brainstem is effective in treating this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Brainstem tethering is a rare neurological condition.
  • It can arise as a late complication of occipital encephalocele, often due to incomplete surgical repair.
  • Symptoms are linked to the dysfunction of the medulla oblongata and associated cranial nerves.

Observation:

  • A 20-year-old patient presented with paroxysmal apnea during sleep, a symptom of Ondine's curse.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a twisted and posteriorly displaced medulla oblongata due to an abnormal tissue cord.
  • Surgical intervention involved detethering the abnormally tethered brainstem.

Findings:

  • The surgical detethering of the brainstem yielded a satisfactory outcome for the patient.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable tool for diagnosing brainstem tethering.
  • It aids in differentiating this condition from other pathologies affecting the medulla oblongata.

Implications:

  • Early surgical intervention for brainstem tethering can be beneficial.
  • Ventriculoperitoneal shunting may not be necessary and can be contraindicated before detethering, even in cases with ventricular dilation.
  • This case highlights the importance of recognizing and surgically addressing brainstem tethering for improved patient outcomes.