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Related Concept Videos

Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a surface,...
Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow glass...
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies with...
Surface Tension01:24

Surface Tension

Surface tension is defined as the force per unit length (γ) acting along the surface of a liquid. It arises due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction. A molecule located inside the bulk of the liquid is surrounded by other molecules and experiences equal forces in all directions. However, a molecule at the surface experiences unbalanced forces because there are more neighboring molecules below than above. This creates a net inward force that pulls surface molecules toward the interior,...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy
09:48

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Published on: February 27, 2015

Adhesion and cohesion in structures containing suspended microscopic polymeric films.

W L Shan1, J Du, E P Hampp

  • 1Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Acta Biomaterialia
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to measure adhesion and cohesion in micro-scale polymer films using focused ion beam-fabricated probes. The technique accurately characterizes film-substrate interface strength and film penetration resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Characterizing adhesion and cohesion in micro-scale polymeric films is crucial for advanced material applications.
  • Existing techniques often lack precision or are not suitable for suspended micro-films.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel push-out testing technique for quantifying adhesion and cohesion in suspended micro-scale polymeric films.
  • To validate the technique using a standard material and apply it to a drug-eluting stent model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication for precise probe tip geometries.
  • Employed push-out testing to measure critical forces for film-substrate interface failure (adhesion) and film penetration (cohesion).
  • Used finite element analysis (FEA) to compute underlying stresses for various probe tip sizes.

Main Results:

  • Validated the technique by measuring polycarbonate shear strength at approximately 70 MPa, aligning with literature values.
  • Successfully applied the method to assess adhesion and cohesion in polymeric films within drug-eluting stent reservoirs.
  • Determined the cohesive strength of the stent's polymeric formulation to be comparable to common plastics like HDPE.

Conclusions:

  • The novel FIB-based push-out testing technique provides a reliable method for characterizing adhesion and cohesion in micro-scale polymeric films.
  • This technique offers valuable insights into the mechanical integrity of materials used in biomedical devices like drug-eluting stents.
  • The findings demonstrate the technique's versatility and accuracy for both standard materials and complex device components.