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[Tracheobronchography in neonates and infants with obstruction of the upper respiratory tract]
S Tůma1, V Zábrodský, V Povýsilová
1Kardiocentrum FNsP, Praha-Motol.
Insights
Contrast examinations revealed anatomical defects in most infants, with thymic hyperplasia frequently causing upper airway obstruction. This study highlights the importance of imaging for diagnosing pediatric respiratory issues.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Thoracic Imaging
- Pediatric Pulmonology
Background:
- Upper airway obstruction in infants can be caused by various anatomical abnormalities.
- The thymus gland can enlarge (hyperplasia) and compress adjacent structures, including the trachea.
- Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of respiratory distress in neonates and infants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the utility of contrast examinations for diagnosing tracheobronchial tree abnormalities in infants.
- To identify common causes of upper respiratory pathway obstruction in children under one year of age.
- To assess the role of thymic hyperplasia in causing tracheal compression.
Main Methods:
- Contrast examinations of the tracheobronchial tree were performed in 38 children (up to 1 year old) between 1980-1989.
- Hexabrix 320 contrast agent was used for visualization, administered via jet ventilation in 10 cases.
- Radiocinematography was employed to record the contrast filling of the airways.
Main Results:
- Anatomical defects causing upper respiratory pathway obstruction were identified in 29 out of 38 children (74.4%).
- Tracheal compression due to pressure from hyperplastic thymus on the brachiocephalic arterial truncus was observed in 15 children.
- Contrast examination proved effective in visualizing airway abnormalities.
Conclusions:
- Contrast examinations are valuable for diagnosing tracheobronchial abnormalities in infants.
- Hyperplastic thymus is a significant cause of upper airway obstruction in this age group.
- Early identification of anatomical defects is essential for managing respiratory distress in young children.
Abstract:
In the period of 1980 to 1989 the authors performed contrast examinations of tracheobronchial tree in 38 children up to one year of age, three of them being newborns. In 29 examined children (74.4%) there was an anatomical defect causing the obstruction of upper respiratory pathways. In 15 of them the trachea compression was caused by pressure of hyperplastic thymus on the brachiocephalic arterial truncus crossing trachea. For visualization of upper respiratory pathways Hexabrix 320 (Byk Gulden) was used in 30 children, administered in 10 cases by jet ventilation. The filling was recorded by radiocinematographic method.