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Related Concept Videos

Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving

In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Updated: May 25, 2026

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

Hox collinearity - a new perspective.

Antony J Durston1, Hans J Jansen, Paul In der Rieden

  • 1Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Sylvius Laboratory, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands. a.j.durston@biology.leidenuniv.nl

The International Journal of Developmental Biology
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hox gene collinearity, crucial for animal development, is explained by trans-acting factors and cell-cell interactions, not just chromatin changes. This finding highlights the importance of gene interactions in developmental biology.

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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hox collinearity describes the spatial expression pattern of Hox genes during embryonic development.
  • Two main hypotheses explain this phenomenon: Hox gene interactions or progressive chromatin opening.
  • Understanding Hox gene regulation is fundamental to developmental biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize evidence on the mechanisms underlying Hox gene collinearity.
  • To identify the universally involved factors in Hox gene spatial expression.
  • To propose novel perspectives on Hox gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review across diverse species and developmental stages.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting different models of Hox gene regulation.
  • Focus on experimental data concerning trans-acting factors and cell-cell interactions.

Main Results:

  • Evidence strongly supports the universal involvement of trans-acting factors and cell-cell interactions.
  • The progressive opening of chromatin model is less universally supported.
  • Interactions between Hox genes and the vertebrate somitogenesis clock are key.

Conclusions:

  • Trans-acting factors and cell-cell interactions are the primary drivers of Hox collinearity across species.
  • Hox gene interactions, particularly with the somitogenesis clock, offer a more comprehensive explanation.
  • This research provides new insights into the conserved mechanisms of animal development.