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Related Concept Videos

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
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Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice
08:41

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

Published on: October 27, 2014

Carmustine infusion reactions are more common with rapid administration.

Brett Janson1, Pia Van Koeverden, Sing Wang Kevin Yip

  • 1Pharmacy Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. brett.janson@petermac.org

Supportive Care in Cancer : Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Rapid carmustine infusions in the Stanford BCNU regimen cause high rates of infusion reactions. Slowing carmustine infusion to 3 hours significantly reduced these reactions, improving patient safety.

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Published on: November 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Carmustine (BCNU) is a nitrosourea alkylating agent used in stem cell transplant conditioning.
  • Anecdotal reports suggested higher-than-expected infusion reactions with carmustine.
  • Concerns were raised about potentially excessive carmustine infusion rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of acute infusion reactions to carmustine.
  • To compare carmustine infusion reaction rates between Stanford BCNU and BEAM regimens.
  • To determine if carmustine infusion rates exceeded recommended guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective audit of 64 patients receiving Stanford BCNU or BEAM regimens.
  • Data collected between January 2009 and November 2010.
  • Analysis of infusion reaction rates in relation to carmustine administration.

Main Results:

  • Infusion reactions were significantly higher than literature values.
  • Stanford BCNU regimen showed a 94.7% reaction rate versus 28.6% for BEAM (P = 0.0003).
  • Carmustine administration for Stanford BCNU was changed from 2 to 3 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid carmustine infusion in the Stanford BCNU regimen is associated with a high incidence of infusion reactions.
  • A maximum infusion rate of 3 mg/m(2)/min for carmustine is recommended.
  • Further studies are planned to evaluate the impact of the administration rate change.