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Oscillations in sensorimotor cortex in movement disorders: an electrocorticography study.

Andrea L Crowell1, Elena S Ryapolova-Webb, Jill L Ostrem

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
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This study reveals distinct cortical oscillation patterns in Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor. Parkinson's disease shows increased gamma and high beta power, unlike other movement disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor may stem from abnormal synchronized brain activity.
  • Previous research focused on Parkinson's disease, suggesting beta frequency band alterations in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical network.
  • Comparing different disorders under identical conditions is crucial for validating these hypotheses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare cortical oscillations in Parkinson's disease, primary dystonia, and essential tremor.
  • To assess synchronized oscillatory activity in the sensorimotor cortex across these three common movement disorders.
  • To evaluate the role of abnormal brain network oscillations in the pathophysiology of these conditions.

Main Methods:

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  • Subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) was used to record local field potentials from the motor and sensory cortices.
  • Recordings were obtained from 31 subjects undergoing deep brain stimulator surgery.
  • Data were analyzed for oscillatory power in different frequency bands (gamma, beta, alpha) during rest and movement tasks.

Main Results:

  • Parkinson's disease exhibited increased broadband gamma power in the primary motor cortex compared to dystonia and essential tremor.
  • High beta (20-30 Hz) power was elevated in Parkinson's disease during the 'stop' phase of movements.
  • Alpha-beta peaks were at higher frequencies in Parkinson's disease, and dystonia patients showed impaired beta desynchronization during movement.

Conclusions:

  • Disease-specific alterations in synchronized oscillatory activity are evident in the sensorimotor cortex.
  • Findings support the hypothesis that abnormal network oscillations underlie movement disorder pathophysiology.
  • This study provides the first direct comparison of sensorimotor cortex oscillations across Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor.