Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of a Reprometabolic Syndrome-Inducing Eucaloric High-Fat Diet on Insulin Sensitivity, Body Composition, the Lipidome, and the Microbiome.

Metabolites·2026
Same author

Minimally invasive capsule-string device enables spatially resolved microbiome profiling across the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Gut microbes·2026
Same author

Associations Between Complementary Feeding Approach, Dietary Intake, and Growth: A Secondary Analysis of the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Trial.

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics·2026
Same author

Ethanol exacerbates post-burn neuroinflammation and gut-brain barrier dysfunction which are associated with microbiome changes.

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Oxycodone self-administration and genetic background exert community-specific effects in the gut microbiome.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Molecular Methods to Detect and Quantify Fungal Communities in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Specimens.

Pediatric pulmonology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes
03:53

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes

Published on: April 19, 2024

Microbiome complexity and Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Leah M Feazel1, Charles E Robertson, Vijay R Ramakrishnan

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

The Laryngoscope
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Culture-independent sequencing revealed greater bacterial diversity in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients than traditional culture methods. The sinonasal microbiome composition was altered in CRS patients, with a higher abundance of Staphylococcus aureus.

More Related Videos

Deferred Growth Inhibition Assay to Quantify the Effect of Bacteria-derived Antimicrobials on Competition
07:42

Deferred Growth Inhibition Assay to Quantify the Effect of Bacteria-derived Antimicrobials on Competition

Published on: September 3, 2016

Purifying the Impure: Sequencing Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes from Complex Animal-associated Samples
11:23

Purifying the Impure: Sequencing Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes from Complex Animal-associated Samples

Published on: December 22, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes
03:53

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes

Published on: April 19, 2024

Deferred Growth Inhibition Assay to Quantify the Effect of Bacteria-derived Antimicrobials on Competition
07:42

Deferred Growth Inhibition Assay to Quantify the Effect of Bacteria-derived Antimicrobials on Competition

Published on: September 3, 2016

Purifying the Impure: Sequencing Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes from Complex Animal-associated Samples
11:23

Purifying the Impure: Sequencing Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes from Complex Animal-associated Samples

Published on: December 22, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex inflammatory condition of the upper airway.
  • Accurate identification of the sinonasal microbiome is crucial for understanding CRS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of microbiological culture versus 16S rRNA gene sequencing for pathogen identification in CRS.
  • To characterize the differences in sinonasal microbiome composition and diversity between CRS patients and controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional observational study analyzed middle meatus swabs from CRS patients and controls.
  • Samples were analyzed using both traditional bacterial culture and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing.

Main Results:

  • Both methods detected bacteria, with culture identifying coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes as prevalent.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed greater bacterial diversity and identified Corynebacterium spp. as highly prevalent.
  • Bacterial diversity correlated with antibiotic use, asthma, prior sinus surgery, and S. aureus abundance.

Conclusions:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing offers a more comprehensive view of sinonasal microbiome biodiversity compared to culture.
  • CRS patients exhibit distinct microbial compositions and increased S. aureus abundance, suggesting a role in disease pathogenesis.