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Related Concept Videos

Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Structuralism01:26

Structuralism

Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He employed introspection, a method...
Cognition and Behavior01:23

Cognition and Behavior

Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...

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Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

Complexity and extended phenomenological-cognitive systems.

Michael Silberstein1, Anthony Chemero

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Elizabethtown College, USA. silbermd@etown.edu

Topics in Cognitive Science
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex systems science offers a new view of extended cognition, integrating brain, body, and environment. This approach explains cognition without computation and unifies consciousness with experience.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Complex Systems Theory
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Traditional cognitive science often views cognition as solely brain-based.
  • Extended cognition frameworks propose cognition involves external elements.
  • A complex systems approach offers a novel perspective on these extended systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reframe extended cognitive systems using a complex systems approach.
  • To demonstrate how brain-body-niche interactions can explain cognition without representations or computation.
  • To integrate cognition and conscious experience into a unified phenomenon.

Main Methods:

  • Adopting a complex systems perspective to analyze cognitive systems.
  • Focusing on non-linear couplings between heterogeneous components (brain, body, niche).
  • Conceptual analysis of extended cognition and consciousness.

Main Results:

  • Extended cognitive systems are viewed as heterogenous, non-linearly coupled brain-body-niche systems.
  • Cognition can be explained through the dynamic interactions of these components, bypassing traditional representational or computational explanations.
  • Consciousness and cognition are proposed as a single, unified phenomenon within these systems.

Conclusions:

  • The complex systems approach provides a powerful framework for understanding extended cognition.
  • This perspective eliminates the need for representations and computation in explaining cognition.
  • It offers a unified view of cognition and conscious experience, termed 'extended phenomenological-cognitive systems'.