Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026

09:30
Assessing Functional Metrics of Skeletal Muscle Health in Human Skeletal Muscle Microtissues
Published on: February 18, 2021
A framework for mapping between "living" muscle model parameters and systems biology data for muscle tissue
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA. jack.winters@mu.edu
Summary
This study introduces adaptable "living" muscle models by integrating protein dynamics. This approach enhances understanding of muscle function and aids in interpreting biological data from muscle biopsies.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Systems Biology
- Muscle Physiology
Background:
- Muscle models traditionally treat muscle as a static actuator, neglecting its adaptive biological nature.
- Existing models do not account for the dynamic changes in muscle tissue over time.
Purpose of the Study:
- To extend Hill-based muscle models by incorporating the adaptive properties of living muscle tissue.
- To establish a framework for dynamic muscle modeling using protein family functions.
- To provide a method for interpreting high-throughput systems biology data from muscle biopsies.
Main Methods:
- Conceptualizing muscle fascicles as well-mixed composite materials.
- Identifying three key protein families: excitation-activation, mechanical transmission, and energy supply.
- Developing a framework to map protein and transcript regulation to muscle property estimation.
Main Results:
- Identified three functional protein family classes crucial for muscle activity.
- Proposed a framework linking protein regulation to muscle model parameters.
- Demonstrated potential for interpreting systems biology data in muscle research.
Conclusions:
- The developed framework enables the creation of evolving "living" muscle models.
- This approach offers a novel method for analyzing muscle tissue biopsies and understanding myopathies.
Related Concept Videos
Overview of Muscle Tissues
The human body has three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Each class has unique properties that enable them to perform specific functions. However, all muscle tissues share certain properties, including elasticity, contractility, and excitability.
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of muscles to stretch and return to their original shape. This property is partly due to elastic fibers — macromolecules that run through the muscles. These fibers are firm and resilient,...
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of muscles to stretch and return to their original shape. This property is partly due to elastic fibers — macromolecules that run through the muscles. These fibers are firm and resilient,...
Overview of Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
Skeletal Muscle Anatomy
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
Structure of Cardiac Muscles
Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...

