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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...
Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
Pressure Gauges01:20

Pressure Gauges

Most pressure gauges, like those on scuba tanks, are calibrated to read zero at atmospheric pressure. Readings from such gauges are called the gauge pressure, which is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds atmospheric pressure, the gauge reports a positive value. Some gauges are designed to measure negative pressure. For example, many physics experiments must take place in a vacuum chamber, a rigid chamber from which some of the air is pumped...
Fluid Pressure01:14

Fluid Pressure

In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
According to Pascal's law, a fluid at rest will generate equal pressure in all directions. This pressure is measured as a force per unit area, and its magnitude depends on the fluid's specific weight or...
Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure01:30

Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure

Direct Method
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...

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Rotary blood pump control using integrated inlet pressure sensor.

Joshua Cysyk1, Choon-Sik Jhun, Ray Newswanger

  • 1Division of Artificial Organs, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. jpc121@psu.edu

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new control system for continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) adjusts pump speed based on inlet pressure. This system improves total systemic flow and reduces ventricular load, enhancing heart failure treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used for end-stage heart failure due to improved reliability and reduced thromboembolic risks.
  • A reliable control system is essential to adjust LVAD support according to physiological demands as more patients transition to home use.
  • Existing LVADs require advanced control mechanisms for dynamic physiological response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test an integrated inlet pressure sensor and control system for continuous flow LVADs.
  • To evaluate the system's ability to adjust pump speed in response to changing physiological demands.
  • To compare the performance of the new closed-loop control system against fixed-speed control.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an inlet pressure sensor compatible with existing LVADs.
  • Design of a control system that modulates pump speed based on peak-to-peak inlet pressure changes.
  • Testing of the sensor and control system with the HeartMate II LVAD using a mock circulatory loop and an active left ventricle model.

Main Results:

  • The closed-loop control system demonstrated an increase in total systemic flow compared to fixed-speed control.
  • Ventricular load was reduced following a change in preload when using the new control system.
  • Enhanced systemic flow was observed across all tested operating conditions, with maximal unloading during reduced ventricular contractility.

Conclusions:

  • The developed inlet pressure sensor and control system offer a promising solution for dynamic LVAD support.
  • This adaptive control strategy can improve hemodynamic performance and reduce cardiac workload in patients with heart failure.
  • The system's ability to respond to changes in preload and contractility is crucial for optimizing LVAD therapy.