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Related Concept Videos

Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral stimuli,...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...

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Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

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Published on: March 12, 2019

A feedback control model for cortisol secretion.

Rose T Faghih1, Ketan Savla, Munther A Dahleh

  • 1Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. frfaghih@mit.edu

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study develops a comprehensive mathematical model for cortisol secretion, integrating neural firing of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) with plasma cortisol levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Current mathematical models inadequately capture the full cortisol secretion pathway.
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation is complex, involving hormonal feedback loops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive mathematical model of the entire cortisol secretion process.
  • To integrate neural dynamics of CRH and ACTH release with cortisol dynamics.
  • To incorporate feedback mechanisms within the HPA axis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an existing mathematical model for cortisol secretion.
  • Integrated a simplified neural firing model for CRH and ACTH release based on the extended FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model.
  • Incorporated a time-varying spiking threshold in the FHN model.
  • Included a feedback loop from cortisol to ACTH secretion.

Main Results:

  • Laid the groundwork for a more holistic model of cortisol secretion.
  • Established relationships between CRH, ACTH, and cortisol concentrations.
  • Demonstrated the integration of neural firing dynamics into endocrine modeling.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model provides a more complete representation of the HPA axis.
  • The inclusion of neural firing and feedback loops enhances model accuracy.
  • This framework can be extended for further research into HPA axis regulation and dysfunction.