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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

EEG-based upper alpha neurofeedback training improves working memory performance.

Carlos Escolano1, Monica Aguilar, Javier Minguez

  • 1Dpto de Informática e Ingenieríade Sistemas, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. fcescolan@unizar.es

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurofeedback training enhanced upper alpha brainwaves, significantly improving working memory in healthy individuals. This user-specific approach offers a reliable method for cognitive enhancement.

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Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis
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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
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Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis
07:25

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Published on: August 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neurotechnology

Background:

  • Neurofeedback (NF) shows therapeutic potential for neurological/psychological disorders and cognitive enhancement.
  • Reliability of NF effects is questioned due to limited electrophysiological impact studies.
  • Traditional NF often trains the broad alpha band, potentially including unspecific factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of a user-specific neurofeedback protocol for enhancing working memory.
  • To examine the impact of this protocol on upper alpha (UA) band electrophysiology in healthy adults.
  • To determine if UA enhancement is independent of other brainwave frequencies.

Main Methods:

  • A user-specific NF training protocol targeting the individual upper alpha frequency band.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) assessments in active and passive open-eyes states pre- and post-training.
  • Comparison of working memory performance against a control group.

Main Results:

  • Significant enhancement of the upper alpha (UA) band was observed during active tasks, independent of other frequency bands.
  • UA enhancement was also noted in the passive state, though independence from the lower alpha band was not achieved.
  • The NF group demonstrated significant improvements in working memory compared to the control group.

Conclusions:

  • User-specific NF training effectively enhances upper alpha band activity.
  • This targeted approach leads to significant improvements in working memory performance.
  • The findings support the reliability and efficacy of individualized NF for cognitive enhancement.