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A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

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Wirelessly powered stimulator and recorder for neuronal interfaces.

Sudip Nag¹, Dinesh Sharma

¹Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. sudip@ee.iitb.ac.in

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

|January 19, 2012

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This study introduces a 32-channel wireless stimulator for Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), enhancing charge balance and artifact suppression for neuro-engineering applications. The system enables closed-loop recording and stimulation with improved power efficiency.

Area of Science:

Neuro-engineering
Biomedical Devices
Implantable Systems

Background:

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is crucial in neuro-engineering for restoring neural functions.
Existing FES systems often face challenges with power delivery, charge balance, and artifact suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a 32-channel, wirelessly powered, constant current stimulator and low-power recording amplifier for FES applications.
To improve charge balance, reduce stimulation artifacts, and enable closed-loop recording.

Main Methods:

Designed a biphasic stimulator with matched positive/negative currents and an electrode discharging scheme for artifact suppression.
Incorporated a low-power amplifier for evoked response measurements and a multiplexer/demultiplexer for electrode sharing.

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Utilized an inductively coupled wireless energy harvester and characterized electrical performance with simulated impedances.

Main Results:

Achieved stimulation current magnitudes from 2 μA-200 μA at rates up to 400 Hz.
Suppressed stimulation artifacts to 3 ms using the discharging scheme and enhanced charge balancing with alternate pulse polarities.
The low-power amplifier demonstrated a gain of 1200 and a bandwidth of 350 Hz-1.02 KHz.

Conclusions:

The developed system offers a wirelessly powered, miniaturized solution for FES, suitable for in-vivo applications.
Innovative techniques for charge balance and artifact suppression significantly improve FES system performance.
The system's low power consumption (360 μW) and ability to handle high electrode impedances (up to 100 KΩ) make it a promising advancement in neuro-engineering.