Emerging phytopathogen Macrophomina phaseolina: biology, economic importance and current diagnostic trends

Area of Science:

• Plant Pathology
• Mycology
• Agricultural Science

Background:

• Macrophomina phaseolina is a widespread phytopathogenic fungus causing substantial economic damage to numerous crops.
• It exhibits long-term soil survival as a saprophyte, complicating disease management.
• Existing research necessitates further investigation into genetic variability for improved control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biological aspects and global distribution of Macrophomina phaseolina.
• To emphasize the significance of genetic variability in pathogen fitness and survival.
• To discuss advancements in molecular techniques for pathogen identification and characterization.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of Macrophomina phaseolina biology, ecology, and distribution.
• Discussion of molecular techniques, particularly PCR-based methods, for pathogen detection.
• Analysis of genetic variability studies related to M. phaseolina.

Main Results:

• Macrophomina phaseolina infects a wide array of plant species and persists in soil for extended periods.
• Molecular techniques, including PCR, offer high sensitivity and specificity for accurate identification and early detection.
• Understanding population variability is crucial for developing effective management strategies.

Conclusions:

• Accurate identification and early detection of Macrophomina phaseolina are critical for effective plant disease management and quarantine.
• Molecular tools are essential for characterizing genetic diversity within M. phaseolina populations.
• Further research into pathogen variability will enhance strategies to mitigate crop losses.