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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

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Related Experiment Videos

Relationship between thyroid function and ICU mortality: a prospective observation study.

Feilong Wang1, Wenzhi Pan, Hairong Wang

  • 1Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong, No, 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.

Critical Care (London, England)
|January 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Free triiodothyronine (FT3) is the strongest independent predictor of ICU mortality. Adding FT3 levels to the APACHE II score significantly improves mortality prediction in critically ill patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Prognostic Biomarkers

Background:

  • Nonthyroidal illness syndrome is linked to adverse outcomes in ICU patients, but thyroid hormone levels have shown limited predictive performance.
  • This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of comprehensive thyroid indicators in unselected ICU patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prognostic value of complete thyroid indicators, including free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, total thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and reverse triiodothyronine, in predicting clinical outcomes for ICU patients.
  • To determine if FT3 levels, in conjunction with the APACHE II score, enhance the prediction of ICU mortality.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 480 consecutive ICU patients without prior thyroid disease was studied.
  • Thyroid hormone levels, APACHE II scores, NT-proBNP, and CRP were collected.
  • ICU mortality was the primary outcome, analyzed using regression, NRI, and IDI.

Main Results:

  • Free triiodothyronine (FT3) demonstrated the highest predictive power for ICU mortality among thyroid indicators (AUC=0.762).
  • FT3 independently predicted mortality, alongside APACHE II score, NT-proBNP, and CRP.
  • Incorporating FT3 into the APACHE II score significantly improved mortality prediction (NRI=54.29%, IDI=36.54%).

Conclusions:

  • Free triiodothyronine (FT3) is the most potent independent predictor of ICU mortality among all tested thyroid indicators.
  • Combining FT3 levels with the APACHE II score substantially enhances the prediction of ICU mortality in critically ill patients.