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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes
09:10

A Fast and Quantitative Method for Post-translational Modification and Variant Enabled Mapping of Peptides to Genomes

Published on: May 22, 2018

AnnTools: a comprehensive and versatile annotation toolkit for genomic variants.

Vladimir Makarov1, Tina O'Grady, Guiqing Cai

  • 1The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Levy Library, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. vladimir.makarov@mssm.edu

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|January 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

AnnTools is a bioinformatics tool for annotating human genome variations like SNPs and INDELs. It integrates data from multiple sources for comprehensive analysis, suitable for high-throughput sequencing.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • AnnTools is a bioinformatics application for human genome variation annotation.
  • It processes single-nucleotide substitutions (SNP/SNV), insertions/deletions (INDEL), and structural variants (SV/CNV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive annotation of human genome variations.
  • To integrate data from multiple sources for variant interpretation.
  • To offer functional characterization and identify overlaps with regulatory elements and disease loci.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes 15 constantly updated data sources for variant interpretation.
  • Performs functional characterization of coding variants.
  • Searches for overlaps with regulatory elements, disease loci, segmental duplications, and artifact regions.
  • Accepts user-provided tracks for custom annotation.
  • Outputs results in Variant Call Format (VCF).

Main Results:

  • AnnTools provides detailed functional annotation for various human genome variations.
  • It integrates diverse data sources for a comprehensive analysis.
  • The tool is efficient with high annotation speed and low resource requirements.

Conclusions:

  • AnnTools offers a versatile and comprehensive solution for human genome variation annotation.
  • Its speed and low resource footprint make it suitable for high-throughput facilities and personal computers.
  • The application is freely available with installation scripts and helper tools.