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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

Potential G-quadruplexes in the human long non-coding transcriptome.

Gopal Gunanathan Jayaraj1, Satyaprakash Pandey, Vinod Scaria

  • 1Institute for Genomics and Integrative Biology, CSIR, New Delhi, India.

RNA Biology
|January 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

G-quadruplexes, structures found in DNA and mRNA, may also exist in non-coding RNA (ncRNA). These ncRNA G-quadruplexes show high stability and potential biological functions.

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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines
05:32

In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • DNA G-quadruplexes modulate transcription.
  • G-quadruplexes in mRNA untranslated regions regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • The role of G-quadruplexes in non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and potential biological roles of G-quadruplexes in ncRNA.
  • To analyze the characteristics and stability of predicted G-quadruplex structures in ncRNA.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an in-house prediction tool (Quadfinder) to identify G-quadruplex motifs in ncRNA sequences.
  • Analyzed the size distribution and loop characteristics of identified G-quadruplexes.
  • Performed in vitro analyses on selected ncRNA sequences harboring G-quadruplex motifs.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant occurrence and distribution of G-quadruplexes across various ncRNA sizes.
  • Found that ncRNAs with G-quadruplex motifs predominantly range from 200-300 bases.
  • Reported enrichment of single and dinucleotide loops, suggesting high stability and potential in vivo function.

Conclusions:

  • G-quadruplexes are likely present in ncRNA and may play significant biological roles.
  • The structural features of these ncRNA G-quadruplexes indicate stability and potential functionality.
  • In vitro experiments support the in silico predictions of G-quadruplexes in ncRNA.