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Upstream Processing01:27

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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
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Transcription01:17

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Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach
12:12

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach

Published on: March 12, 2017

Transcription beyond borders has downstream consequences.

Cagla Sonmez1, Caroline Dean

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.

RNA Biology
|January 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two RNA binding proteins, FCA and FPA, limit transcription read-through in Arabidopsis thaliana. Their absence causes extensive transcriptional read-through, affecting gene expression and chromatin.

More Related Videos

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
09:30

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

Published on: September 13, 2018

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach
12:12

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach

Published on: March 12, 2017

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
09:30

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

Published on: September 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs and antisense transcription are widespread in genomes.
  • Efficient transcription termination is crucial in gene-dense genomes to prevent read-through into adjacent genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of RNA binding proteins FCA and FPA in regulating transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • To understand the impact of these proteins on intergenic transcription and gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of transcriptional read-through in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking FCA and FPA.
  • Assessment of gene expression and chromatin modifications in affected regions.

Main Results:

  • The absence of FCA and FPA proteins leads to extensive transcriptional read-through over several kilobases (kb) in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome.
  • This read-through influences the expression of associated genes and, in some cases, their chromatin modifications.

Conclusions:

  • FCA and FPA are key regulators that limit pervasive intergenic transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • These proteins play a significant role in maintaining transcriptional integrity and regulating gene expression in response to genomic context.