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IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
08:43

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Published on: January 19, 2016

2-(Dibromo-meth-yl)benzoic acid.

Hong-Yi Lin1, Sin-Kai Fang, Kew-Yu Chen

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 40724 Taichung, Taiwan.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The crystal structure of C(8)H(6)Br(2)O(2) reveals molecules forming inversion dimers through hydrogen bonds. This study details the molecular arrangement and bonding in the crystalline state.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Chemical Physics
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial in chemistry.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in crystal engineering and material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(8)H(6)Br(2)O(2).
  • To investigate the hydrogen bonding patterns and their effect on molecular assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
  • Analysis of intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonds, was performed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C(8)H(6)Br(2)O(2) was successfully determined.
  • Carboxyl groups were observed to form pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
  • These hydrogen bonds facilitate the linking of molecules into inversion dimers.

Conclusions:

  • The hydrogen bonding network dictates the self-assembly of C(8)H(6)Br(2)O(2) molecules in the solid state.
  • The formation of inversion dimers is a key structural feature driven by carboxyl group interactions.