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IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

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Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.

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4-Nitro-isophthalic acid.

Yang-Hui Luo¹, Mei-Ling Pan

¹Key Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Heritage Conservation, (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|January 20, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The crystal structure of C(8)H(5)NO(6) reveals zigzag chains formed by hydrogen bonds between carboxyl groups. Weak pi-pi stacking interactions were also observed, contributing to the overall crystal packing.

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Area of Science:

Crystallography
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

Understanding intermolecular forces is crucial for predicting crystal structures.
Hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking are key non-covalent interactions in molecular crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of C(8)H(5)NO(6).
To identify and characterize the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
Analysis of hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking interactions was performed.

Main Results:

The crystal structure is characterized by zigzag chains formed through intermolecular centrosymmetric cyclic O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving both carboxyl groups.
Weak pi-pi stacking interactions were identified with a minimum ring centroid separation of 3.893(4) Å.

Conclusions:

The crystal packing of C(8)H(5)NO(6) is primarily dictated by robust hydrogen bonding, forming extended chain structures.
The presence of weak pi-pi stacking interactions further contributes to the stabilization of the crystal lattice.