Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rational design of a water-soluble chemodosimeter for highly selective cyanide detection.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2026
Same author

Dual suppression of stemness and redox adaptation in glioblastoma through filaggrin upregulation by an abiraterone-based HDAC inhibitor.

Journal of biomedical science·2026
Same author

Methylated PIH1D1 as a Heart-Specific Biomarker for Anthracycline-Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Breast Cancer Patients.

JACC. Basic to translational science·2026
Same author

Unmodified γδ T cells exhibit potent antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma and are enhanced by PD-L1 blockade.

Immunobiology·2026
Same author

Targeting SERPINB3-MAPK axis-mediated cuproptosis resistance enhances the response to antitumor immunotherapy.

Molecular cancer·2025
Same author

A Dual CYP17A1/HDAC6 Inhibitor for Targeted Prostate Cancer Therapy.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

1,2-Bis(dibromo-meth-yl)benzene.

Sin-Kai Fang1, Hong-Yi Lin, Kew-Yu Chen

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 40724 Taichung, Taiwan.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals intramolecular C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds forming S(6) rings in C(8)H(6)Br(4). Molecules exhibit intermolecular π-π interactions in the crystal structure.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial for materials science.
  • Hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions influence crystal packing and properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of C(8)H(6)Br(4).
  • To analyze the role of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking in the molecular assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions was performed based on crystallographic data.

Main Results:

  • Intramolecular C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds were identified, forming two S(6) rings.

More Related Videos

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes
09:54

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

Published on: September 12, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes
09:54

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

Published on: September 12, 2018

  • Geminal bromine substituents were observed pointing to opposite sides of the aromatic system.
  • Intermolecular π-π interactions with specific centroid-centroid distances (3.727(9) and 3.858(9) Å) were found in the crystal.

    • Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(8)H(6)Br(4) is stabilized by a combination of intramolecular C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds and intermolecular π-π interactions.
    • These interactions dictate the specific arrangement and packing of molecules in the solid state.