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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement01:57

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation02:38

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation02:34

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
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Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

Published on: February 5, 2018

Dihydro-allocryptopine.

Wenwen Sun1, Yuyan Qin, Zhe Hou

  • 1College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C21H25NO5. Molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions like hydrogen bonds were analyzed, revealing specific packing arrangements in the solid state.

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Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of &#945;-Imino &#947;-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
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Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

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Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
06:06

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Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of &#945;-Imino &#947;-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
14:18

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Structural Analysis

Background:

  • Understanding the three-dimensional structure of organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
  • Detailed crystallographic studies provide precise atomic coordinates and insights into molecular conformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure and molecular geometry of the title compound, 7,8-dimethoxy-11-methyl-17,19-dioxa-11-aza-tetra-cyclo-[12.7.0.0(4,9).0(16,20)]henicosa-1(21),4,6,8,14,16(20)-hexaen-2-ol.
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, and deviations from ideal geometries were performed.
  • Identification of hydrogen bonding and other non-covalent interactions was conducted.

Main Results:

  • The dihedral angle between the benzene rings was determined to be 23.16(5)°.
  • The orientation of the methoxy groups relative to their attached rings varied, with one being nearly coplanar and the other oriented away.
  • The 10-membered ring exhibited significant puckering, with the hydroxyl and methyl substituents projecting to the same side.
  • O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds formed [010] chains, and C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π interactions contributed to crystal stabilization.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of a complex organic molecule.
  • The observed molecular conformation and crystal packing are dictated by a combination of steric factors and intermolecular forces, including hydrogen bonding.