The roles of ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2) in tumorigenesis

Malgorzata Gozdecka1, Wolfgang Breitwieser

  • 1Cell Regulation Department, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.

Insights

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are crucial in cancer. This review focuses on activating transcription factor (ATF) proteins ATF2 and ATF7, exploring their roles in development and potential involvement in tumor formation.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are frequently dysregulated in cancer.
  • Activating transcription factor (AP-1) transcription factors, including Jun, Fos, Maf, and ATF proteins, are critical targets of MAPK signaling.
  • The composition of AP-1 dimers dictates cellular outcomes such as growth, survival, or apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions of ATF2 and ATF7 in mammalian development.
  • To explore the potential roles of ATF2 and ATF7 in tumor formation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on ATF2 and ATF7.
  • Analysis of data linking MAPK pathways, AP-1 factors, and cancer.

Main Results:

  • While Jun and Fos family members' roles in oncogenesis are established, data on ATF components are emerging.
  • ATF2 and ATF7 are implicated in mammalian development.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions of ATF2 and ATF7 in cancer.
  • Understanding ATF2 and ATF7 roles may reveal new therapeutic targets in oncology.

Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These domains are...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...