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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line
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ERK5 and its role in tumour development.

Pamela A Lochhead1, Rebecca Gilley, Simon J Cook

  • 1Laboratory of Signalling and Cell Fate, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. pamela.lochhead@babraham.ac.uk

Biochemical Society Transactions
|January 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The MEK5/ERK5 pathway, a key part of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, is increasingly implicated in cancer. Further research is needed to understand its role in tumor growth, invasion, and migration.

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Impedance-based Real-time Measurement of Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion
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Impedance-based Real-time Measurement of Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion

Published on: April 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The MEK5/ERK5 pathway is the least understood mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling module.
  • This pathway is increasingly recognized for its potential role in cancer pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway in cancer using the 'hallmarks of cancer' framework.
  • To examine how the MEK5/ERK5 pathway is deregulated in the context of cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the MEK5/ERK5 pathway and cancer hallmarks.
  • Analysis of existing data on oncogene stimulation and genetic alterations affecting the pathway.

Main Results:

  • ERK5 plays a role in endothelial cell survival and tubular morphogenesis during tumor neovascularization.
  • ERK5 is emerging as a regulator of tumor cell invasion and migration.
  • MEK5/ERK5 pathway activity is stimulated by oncogenes and its protein levels are affected by chromosomal amplification (17p11) and microRNA down-regulation (miR-143, miR-145).

Conclusions:

  • The MEK5/ERK5 pathway is deregulated in cancer through various mechanisms.
  • ERK5's multifaceted roles in tumor growth, vascularization, and metastasis warrant further investigation.
  • Understanding the MEK5/ERK5 pathway is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies.