Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Aging

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The longitudinal development of intrinsic timescales in infancy and their relation to alpha brain rhythm.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026

Same author

Comparing automated gaze classifiers in infant looking studies: Accuracy and vulnerability to environmental factors.

Behavior research methods·2026

Same author

Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences.

Nature·2026

Same author

Visual experience shapes functional connectivity between occipital and non-visual networks.

eLife·2026

Same author

Infants have rich visual categories in ventrotemporal cortex at 2 months of age.

Nature neuroscience·2026

Same author

Measuring brain sensitivity to semantic distance in spoken narrative comprehension.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse

Published on: May 19, 2015

Adjusting for global effects in voxel-based morphometry: gray matter decline in normal aging.

Jonathan E Peelle¹, Rhodri Cusack, Richard N A Henson

¹MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK. peelle@gmail.com

|January 21, 2012

Summary

This study on brain gray matter decline in aging found that statistical methods significantly impact results. Local Covariation adjustments better explained age-related variance than Global Scaling.

More Related Videos

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Published on: April 14, 2014

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse

Published on: May 19, 2015

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly

Published on: April 14, 2014

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neuroscience
Aging Research

Background:

Inconsistent findings exist regarding age-related gray matter changes from structural MRI studies.
Variability may stem from sample size, tissue segmentation, spatial normalization, and statistical modeling.
Adjusting for global gray matter volume is crucial for accurate regional analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of methodological choices on assessing age-related gray matter changes using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).
To analyze gray matter volume changes in a large, evenly distributed adult sample (ages 18-77).
To compare different global adjustment methods for regional analyses.

Main Methods:

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) applied to structural MRI scans from 420 adults (18-77 years).
Improved segmentation using multiple tissue classes and age-appropriate templates.
Enhanced registration with DARTEL (diffeomorphic algorithm) over constrained warp.
Comparison of global adjustment methods: no adjustment, Local Covariation, Global Scaling, and Local Scaling.

Main Results:

Replicated general age-related gray matter decline across the brain, with rapid loss in frontal cortex and central sulcus.
Methodological improvements enhanced segmentation and registration accuracy.
Global adjustment methods significantly altered regionally-specific age-related decline estimates.
Local Covariation explained more age-related variance than Global Scaling on average.

Conclusions:

Methodological choices, particularly global adjustment strategies, critically influence VBM findings on aging.
Explicitly stating assumptions in VBM analyses is essential for valid inferences.
Local Covariation may offer a more robust approach for analyzing age-related gray matter changes compared to Global Scaling.