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Updated: May 25, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

Recent developments regarding human immunodeficiency virus infection and stroke.

Souvik Sen¹, Alejandro A Rabinstein, Mitchell S V Elkind

¹University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C., USA. souvik.sen @ uscmed.sc.edu

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 21, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is linked to increased ischemic stroke risk in young adults. Antiretroviral therapy may also elevate cerebrovascular risks, necessitating new prevention strategies.

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology

Background:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is increasingly associated with ischemic stroke, particularly in younger populations.
HIV hospitalizations for stroke are rising, contrasting with overall stroke hospitalization trends.
The precise mechanisms linking HIV to stroke remain under investigation, though endothelial infection and altered cerebrovascular function are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the mechanisms underlying HIV-associated stroke.
To examine the distinct risk factor profile of HIV-related strokes compared to HIV-negative young stroke patients.
To discuss the implications of current research, including antiretroviral therapy (ART) effects, for stroke prevention in HIV-infected individuals.

Main Methods:

Analysis of epidemiological data, including the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.
Review of recent studies on HIV's impact on endothelium and cerebrovascular function.
Examination of associations between antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular risks.

Main Results:

HIV-infected individuals show a different stroke risk factor profile, with less prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking.
Certain antiretroviral drugs (protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) are linked to metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and increased stroke risk.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) itself may be associated with elevated cardio- and cerebrovascular risks.

Conclusions:

Understanding the unique risk factors and mechanisms of HIV-associated stroke is crucial.
The role of antiretroviral therapy in cerebrovascular risk requires further investigation and consideration in prevention strategies.
New approaches to stroke prevention tailored for HIV-infected patients are needed, considering both HIV infection and its treatment.