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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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Printed Glycan Array: A Sensitive Technique for the Analysis of the Repertoire of Circulating Anti-carbohydrate Antibodies in Small Animals
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Carbohydrate antigens.

Shuji Miyagawa1, Takehisa Ueno, Hiroshi Nagashima

  • 1Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. miyagawa@orgtrp.med.osaka-u.ac.jp

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation
|January 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Research on carbohydrate antigens in xenotransplantation highlights non-Gal antigens like Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen. Further studies are needed to clarify their role and potential for therapeutic modification.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • Xenotransplantation holds promise for addressing organ shortages.
  • Carbohydrate antigens on donor cells can trigger immune rejection.
  • Non-Gal antigens are a key focus beyond the well-studied alpha-Gal antigen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on carbohydrate antigens relevant to xenotransplantation.
  • To emphasize non-Gal antigens and their implications.
  • To discuss glycosyltransferase-transgenic pigs, innate cell receptors, and porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on carbohydrate antigens in xenotransplantation.
  • Analysis of data concerning GalT (GGTA1) knockout pigs.
  • Examination of identified non-Gal antigens and their characterization.

Main Results:

  • Data do not conclusively support the persistence of iGb3 or neoantigen production after GalT knockout.
  • Several non-Gal antigens, including Hanganutziu-Deicher (NeuGc) and Forssman antigens, are identified candidates.
  • The expression and effects of these non-Gal antigens, particularly H-D antigen, require further investigation.
  • Overexpression of GnT-III shows potential for modifying non-Gal antigens.
  • Innate cell receptors and PERV ligands with N-linked sugars are implicated in xenotransplantation.
  • Glycosylation pattern modification may regulate PERV infectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Significant data exist on carbohydrate antigens, but discrepancies complicate understanding.
  • Further research is essential to fully elucidate the role of non-Gal antigens in xenotransplantation.
  • Clarifying these antigens is crucial for advancing xenotransplantation safety and efficacy.