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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Updated: May 25, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Current progress in xenogeneic tolerance.

Kazuhiko Yamada1, Joseph Scalea

  • 1Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA. kaz.yamada@tbrc.mgh.harvard.edu

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation
|January 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Xenotransplantation research shows improved graft survival through understanding immune responses and tolerance induction. Key cellular signaling pathways and macrophage roles are vital for advancing this field.

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Published on: May 23, 2019

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Induction and Scoring of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Xenogeneic Murine Model and Quantification of Human T Cells in Mouse Tissues using Digital PCR
06:06

Induction and Scoring of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Xenogeneic Murine Model and Quantification of Human T Cells in Mouse Tissues using Digital PCR

Published on: May 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Science
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Xenotransplantation, using animal organs in humans, faces significant immune rejection challenges.
  • Understanding recipient immunologic responses is critical for successful xenotransplantation.
  • Recent advancements focus on inducing xenogeneic tolerance to overcome immune barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of research on immunologic responses in xenotransplantation.
  • To present recent progress in inducing xenogeneic tolerance.
  • To highlight key mechanisms and cellular signaling involved in xenograft survival.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on xenotransplantation immunology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating T-cell xenogeneic tolerance in animal models.
  • Examination of cellular signaling pathways (e.g., CD39, CD44, CD47) and macrophage-mediated phagocytosis.

Main Results:

  • Improved xenogeneic graft survivals reported in animal models.
  • Enhanced understanding of mechanisms underlying T-cell xenogeneic tolerance.
  • Identification of critical cellular signaling pathways and the role of macrophage-induced phagocytosis.

Conclusions:

  • Tolerance induction achieved in small animals; graft survival improving in large animals.
  • Further research needed on adaptive and innate immune responses to xenogeneic antigens.
  • Continued progress relies on clarifying immune responses for successful xenotransplantation.