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Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

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Published on: September 27, 2019

Coaching efficacy and exploratory structural equation modeling: a substantive-methodological synergy.

Nicholas D Myers¹, Melissa A Chase, Scott W Pierce

¹Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology

|January 21, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study refined the Coaching Efficacy Scale (CES II-YST) for youth sport coaches using advanced statistical methods. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) offered a superior fit compared to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), enhancing measurement accuracy.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Sport and Exercise Psychology
Measurement in Psychology
Quantitative Research Methods

Background:

Accurate measurement of coaching efficacy is crucial for understanding coach effectiveness.
Existing scales may not fully capture the nuances of coaching efficacy in youth sports.
Advanced statistical techniques can improve measurement model development and validation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a revised Coaching Efficacy Scale (CES II-YST) for head coaches of youth sport teams.
To demonstrate the application of Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) in scale development.
To compare the psychometric properties of ESEM versus Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for the CES II-YST.

Main Methods:

A revised Coaching Efficacy Scale (CES II-YST) was developed and administered to 557 youth sport head coaches.
Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) was employed for scale development and validation.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used for comparative analysis of model fit.

Main Results:

Single-group ESEM demonstrated a close model-data fit for the CES II-YST.
Single-group CFA yielded a significantly worse fit compared to ESEM, indicating approximate fit.
Multiple-group ESEM provided evidence for partial factorial invariance across coach gender.

Conclusions:

The revised CES II-YST, validated using ESEM, offers improved measurement of coaching efficacy in youth sports.
ESEM provides a more robust approach than CFA for developing and confirming measurement models in this context.
The findings support the use of ESEM for advancing substantive-methodological synergy in sport psychology research.