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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Preparation of Agar Bead Embedded Mycobacterium abscessus to Inoculate Immunocompetent Mice Intratracheally
05:40

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Published on: April 25, 2025

Intramedullary pyogenic abscess in the conus medullaris.

M F Hassan1, M B Mohamed, P Kalsi

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK. faizul.hassan@doctors.org.uk

British Journal of Neurosurgery
|January 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A rare conus medullaris abscess in a healthy adult was documented. Prompt MRI and surgery are crucial for potential neurological recovery in this spinal cord infection.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Preparation of Agar Bead Embedded Mycobacterium abscessus to Inoculate Immunocompetent Mice Intratracheally
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Published on: September 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pyogenic abscesses are rare in the conus medullaris, particularly in healthy adults.
  • Spinal epidural abscesses are more common but typically occur in the thoracic or lumbar regions.

Observation:

  • A case of primary pyogenic abscess within the conus medullaris of a healthy adult is presented.
  • The patient underwent urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast for diagnosis.

Findings:

  • The MRI revealed a pyogenic abscess in the conus medullaris.
  • Prompt surgical evacuation of the abscess was performed.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the possibility of conus medullaris abscesses in previously healthy individuals.
  • Early diagnosis via MRI and timely surgical intervention are critical for achieving favorable neurological outcomes.
  • Further research into the etiology and optimal management of such rare spinal cord infections is warranted.