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Related Concept Videos

Cell Diversity01:13

Cell Diversity

The concept of a cell started with microscopic observations of dead cork tissue by Robert Hooke in 1665. Hooke coined the term "cell" based on the resemblance of the small subdivisions in the cork to the rooms that monks inhabited, called cells. About ten years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe the living and moving cells under a microscope. In the century that followed, the theory that cells represented the basic unit of life developed.
Multicellular organisms...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Cell Size01:22

Cell Size

Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding the cells limits the...
Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content

Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...
What is the Cell Cycle?01:04

What is the Cell Cycle?

The cell cycle refers to the sequence of events occurring throughout a typical cell’s life. In eukaryotic cells, the somatic cell cycle has two stages: interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows, performs its basic metabolic functions, copies its DNA, and prepares for mitotic cell division. Then, during mitosis and cytokinesis, the cell divides its nuclear and cytoplasmic materials, respectively. This generates two daughter cells that are identical to the original...

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A Pipette-Tip Based Method for Seeding Cells to Droplet Microfluidic Platforms
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A Pipette-Tip Based Method for Seeding Cells to Droplet Microfluidic Platforms

Published on: February 11, 2019

When one cell is enough.

Rhodri Ceredig1

  • 1Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland. rod.ceredig@nuigalway.ie

Stem Cell Research & Therapy
|January 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate that single human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can fully rebuild the lymphomyeloid system in mice. This finding provides direct evidence for the functional capabilities of human HSCs in a xenotransplantation model.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are crucial for lifelong blood production.
  • Mouse HSCs are well-characterized for their ability to reconstitute the hematopoietic system.
  • Human HSC function has been inferred but not directly demonstrated using reconstitution assays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reconstituting capacity of single human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a xenotransplantation model.
  • To establish functional criteria for human HSCs analogous to those used in murine models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a humanized mouse model for xenotransplantation.
  • Transplanted single human cells into recipient mice.
  • Assessed the reconstitution of the lymphomyeloid system in primary and secondary recipients.

Main Results:

  • Single human cells demonstrated the capacity to fully reconstitute the lymphomyeloid system in primary recipient mice.
  • In some instances, these human cells also reconstituted secondary recipient mice, indicating self-renewal and long-term potential.

Conclusions:

  • Provides direct functional evidence for the existence of potent human HSCs.
  • Validates the use of humanized mouse models for studying human stem cell biology.
  • Supports the potential of human HSCs for therapeutic applications like bone marrow transplantation.