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Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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$Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction$

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Microstructural characterization of next generation nuclear graphites.

Chinnathambi Karthik¹, Joshua Kane, Darryl P Butt

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA. karthikchinnathambi@boisestate.edu

Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada

|January 24, 2012

Summary

This study details the microstructural features of nuclear graphites (IG-110, NBG-18, PCEA) for next-generation reactors. Differences in filler particles, microcracks, and binder phases were linked to graphite processing methods.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nuclear Engineering

Background:

Nuclear graphite is crucial for advanced reactor designs.
Understanding graphite microstructure is key to performance and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

Characterize the microstructure of petroleum and pitch-based nuclear graphites (IG-110, NBG-18, PCEA).
Correlate microstructural features with graphite processing conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized bright-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for imaging.
Analyzed filler particles, microcracks, binder phase, QI particles, chaotic structures, and turbostratic graphite.

Main Results:

Microcrack dimensions ranged from nanometers to microns and were filled with amorphous carbon.
NBG-18 (pitch-based) showed higher concentrations of binder phase (QI particles) and chaotic structures.
Turbostratic graphite, identified by elliptical diffraction patterns, was present in all grades.

Conclusions:

Microstructural variations in nuclear graphites are influenced by their manufacturing processes.
Detailed characterization provides insights for selecting graphites for next-generation nuclear plants.