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Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Harmonic Nanoparticles for Regenerative Research
09:23

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Published on: May 1, 2014

Nanoparticle PEBBLE sensors in live cells.

Yong-Eun Koo Lee1, Raoul Kopelman

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Methods in Enzymology
|January 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticle-based sensor systems, known as PEBBLE sensors, offer advanced intracellular measurements for live cell studies. These nanosensors enable simultaneous imaging and sensing, expanding possibilities beyond traditional molecular probes.

Area of Science:

  • Life Sciences
  • Biomedical Applications
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Live cell studies are crucial for life sciences and medicine.
  • Nanoparticle (NP)-based sensors offer advantages for intracellular measurements, including engineerability and noninvasive nature.
  • PEBBLE (probes encapsulated by biologically localized embedding) sensors are NP-based fluorescent sensors for intracellular analytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various designs of PEBBLE sensors.
  • To discuss the characteristics of PEBBLE sensors.
  • To summarize the applications of PEBBLE sensors in live cells.

Main Methods:

  • Development of NP-based fluorescent sensors (PEBBLEs).
  • Utilizing standard microscopy for simultaneous imaging and sensing.

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  • Employing various cell delivery methods for PEBBLE sensors.

    • Main Results:

    • PEBBLE sensors are developed for diverse intracellular analytes and functions.
    • These sensors allow simultaneous optical imaging and sensing of cellular composition and function.
    • PEBBLE sensors offer advantages over molecular probes, including easier cell delivery and novel sensing capabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • PEBBLE sensors represent a versatile platform for intracellular measurements in live cell studies.
    • Their unique properties enable new research avenues not possible with conventional methods.
    • This review highlights the potential of PEBBLE sensors in advancing cellular research and medical applications.