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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Fluorodeoxyglucose-induced allergic reaction: a case report.

Ion Codreanu¹, Constantin A Dasanu, Gregory S Weinstein

¹Department of Radiology, The University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. codrion@yahoo.com

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice : Official Publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners

|January 24, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic reactions to fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) during positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans are rare but possible. This case highlights a potential adverse effect of increasing FDG PET/CT use in cancer patients.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Area of Science:

Nuclear Medicine
Radiopharmacology
Oncology

Background:

Diagnostic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) procedures are increasingly utilized globally for cancer staging and restaging.
The expanding application of radiopharmaceuticals necessitates a thorough understanding of their safety profiles and potential adverse events.
Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a widely used positron-emitting radiotracer in PET/CT imaging.

Observation:

A patient with pyriform sinus cancer undergoing repeated FDG PET/CT scans for restaging developed an allergic reaction.
This represents the first reported instance of an allergic response specifically attributed to fluorodeoxyglucose in the context of serial PET/CT examinations.
The reaction occurred despite previous uneventful administrations of the radiopharmaceutical.

Findings:

The observed allergic reaction underscores the potential for hypersensitivity to fluorodeoxyglucose, even in patients who have previously tolerated it.
This case highlights the importance of vigilance for adverse reactions associated with common radiopharmaceuticals used in diagnostic imaging.
The specific mechanism and risk factors for FDG-induced allergic reactions warrant further investigation.

Implications:

Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of allergic reactions to FDG and be prepared for their management.
Further research is needed to elucidate the incidence, pathophysiology, and potential predisposing factors for FDG hypersensitivity.
Enhanced monitoring and reporting of adverse events related to radiopharmaceuticals are crucial for patient safety in nuclear medicine.