Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026
Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia
Published on: January 31, 2025
Practice patterns and opening pressure measurements using fluoroscopically guided lumbar puncture
A S Abel1, J R Brace, A M McKinney
1Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Background And Purpose:
Evidenced-based protocols for fluoroscopically guided LP do not exist. This study analyzed the fluoroscopically guided LP techniques currently used by practicing neuroradiologists.
Materials And Methods:
An anonymous Web-based survey was e-mailed to members of ASNR. The results were compiled and tabulated on a spreadsheet.
Results:
A total of 577 neuroradiologists completed the survey. Most neuroradiologists perform fluoroscopically guided LPs with the patient in the prone position by using a 22-ga needle at the L2-L3 or L3-L4 intervertebral space. The OP measurement technique is quite variable. Only a minority of patients are rotated to the left LD position for OP measurement. Most neuroradiologists observe patients for 1-2 hours after the procedure and require strict bed rest.
Conclusions:
Most neuroradiologists have similar protocols for thecal sac puncture. Normative adult OP data exist only for the LD position, and the accuracy of prone OP measurements is not known. We found that the OP measurement technique is not consistent and a standard protocol is warranted.
