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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Next-generation sequencing and genome evolution in allopolyploids.

Richard J A Buggs1, Simon Renny-Byfield, Michael Chester

  • 1School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.

American Journal of Botany
|January 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Next-generation sequencing enables the study of allopolyploid evolution in plants. This approach allows genomic-scale analysis of evolutionary processes in natural populations, making any plant species a potential model system.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Allopolyploidy is a common evolutionary mechanism in plants, but studying the evolution of constituent genomes is difficult.
  • Genome doubling in allopolyploids complicates genetic analysis, especially in nonmodel organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of next-generation sequencing technologies to understand allopolyploid genome evolution.
  • To highlight new opportunities for analyzing genetic markers in multiple individuals across various plant species.

Main Methods:

  • Application of next-generation sequencing to study duplicated gene loss and expression in Tragopogon allopolyploids.
  • Analysis of intergenomic interactions and chromosomal evolution in Tragopogon miscellus.
  • Investigation of repetitive DNA evolution in Nicotiana allopolyploids.

Main Results:

  • Genomic-scale exploration of ongoing evolutionary processes in natural allopolyploids is now possible.
  • Research is no longer limited to well-studied crops and genetic models.

Conclusions:

  • Next-generation sequencing approaches are easily and inexpensively applicable to numerous plant species.
  • These methods facilitate the study of any evolutionarily significant plant system as a model.