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Targeting EGFR for treatment of glioblastoma: molecular basis to overcome resistance
T E Taylor1, F B Furnari, W K Cavenee
1Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Abstract:
Glioblastoma (glioblastoma multiforme; GBM; WHO Grade IV) accounts for the majority of primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Amplification and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene represent signature genetic abnormalities encountered in GBM. A range of potential therapies that target EGFR or its mutant constitutively active form, ΔEGFR, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and RNA-based agents, are currently in development or in clinical trials for the treatment of GBM. Data from experimental studies evaluating these therapies have been very promising; however, their efficacy in the clinic has so far been limited by both upfront and acquired drug resistance. This review discusses the current status of anti-EGFR agents and the recurrent problem of resistance to these agents that strongly indicates that a multiple target approach will provide a more favorable future for these types of targeted therapies in GBM.
Insights
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma (GBM) shows promise but faces drug resistance. A multi-target approach is crucial for effective GBM treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Molecular biology
- Cancer genetics
Background:
- Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant adult primary brain tumor.
- EGFR gene amplification and mutation are characteristic genetic alterations in GBM.
- Targeted therapies against EGFR and its mutant form (ΔEGFR) are under investigation for GBM treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current status of anti-EGFR agents for GBM.
- To discuss the challenge of drug resistance to these targeted therapies.
- To highlight the need for a multi-target approach in GBM treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental and clinical data on anti-EGFR therapies for GBM.
- Analysis of mechanisms underlying upfront and acquired drug resistance.
- Discussion of future therapeutic strategies.
Main Results:
- Experimental data for anti-EGFR agents in GBM are promising.
- Clinical efficacy is significantly limited by drug resistance.
- Resistance mechanisms necessitate alternative therapeutic strategies.
Conclusions:
- Targeted therapies against EGFR are a key area of GBM research.
- Overcoming drug resistance is essential for improving treatment outcomes.
- A combination or multi-target strategy is likely required for future GBM therapies.
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