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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

Published on: March 22, 2012

B-cell receptor: from resting state to activate.

Bebhinn Treanor1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada. btreanor@utsc.utoronto.ca

Immunology
|January 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discover the resting B-cell receptor (BCR) structure and dynamics. This review explores how BCR organization influences B-cell activation, examining current models of this crucial immune response.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
16:10

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Published on: March 22, 2012

Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
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Published on: June 1, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • B-cell activation is initiated by antigen binding to the B-cell receptor (BCR).
  • Early molecular events of BCR activation are well-understood, but the resting BCR state is less characterized.
  • Understanding the resting BCR is crucial for deciphering B-cell activation initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the structure, organization, and dynamics of the resting, unstimulated BCR.
  • To discuss how these parameters impact B-cell activation initiation.
  • To contextualize findings within current models of BCR activation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in BCR research.
  • Analysis of structural, organizational, and dynamic properties of the resting BCR.
  • Discussion of established and emerging models of BCR activation.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies provide new insights into the resting BCR's structure, organization, and dynamics.
  • These properties are critical for initiating B-cell activation.
  • Current models, including conformation-induced oligomerization, dissociation activation, and collision coupling, offer different perspectives on BCR activation.

Conclusions:

  • The structure, organization, and dynamics of the resting BCR are key to understanding B-cell activation.
  • Different models propose distinct mechanisms for how antigen binding triggers BCR signaling.
  • Further research into the resting BCR state will refine our understanding of immune responses.