Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Prodrugs01:30

Prodrugs

Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence its...
Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Cholinergic antagonists bind to cholinergic receptors and limit the effects of acetylcholine and other cholinergic agonists. Based on the specific cholinergic receptor affinity, these antagonists are classified as muscarinic or nicotinic. Anticholinergics interrupt parasympathetic innervations while sympathetic innervations remain uninterrupted. Muscarinic antagonists are also called 'muscarinic antagonists', 'antimuscarinics', or 'parasympatholytics'. Nicotinic antagonists are called...
Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:16

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of the aromatic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Discovery of novel 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine derivatives as potent and selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors against L858R/T790M resistance mutation.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2018
Same author

Discovery of 4,7-Diamino-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-6-methylene-pyrimido[5,4- b]pyrrolizines as Novel Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2018
Same author

Both saccadic and manual responses in the amblyopic eye of strabismics are irreducibly delayed.

Journal of vision·2018
Same author

Oncogene-induced senescence: a double edged sword in cancer.

Acta pharmacologica Sinica·2018
Same author

Decreased interhemispheric homotopic connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait: A resting state fMRI study.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2018
Same author

Structure-Based Discovery of a Series of 5H-Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine FGFR Kinase Inhibitors.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Chemical Modification of the Tryptophan Residue in a Recombinant Ca2+-ATPase N-domain for Studying Tryptophan-ANS FRET
12:07

Chemical Modification of the Tryptophan Residue in a Recombinant Ca2+-ATPase N-domain for Studying Tryptophan-ANS FRET

Published on: October 9, 2021

Triptolide: structural modifications, structure-activity relationships, bioactivities, clinical development and

Zhao-Li Zhou1, Ya-Xi Yang, Jian Ding

  • 1Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.

Natural Product Reports
|January 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Triptolide, a key compound from Tripterygium wilfordii, shows diverse biological activities and a unique diterpenoid triepoxide structure. This review covers its modifications, activity relationships, pharmacology, and clinical progress over 40 years.

More Related Videos

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Chemical Modification of the Tryptophan Residue in a Recombinant Ca2+-ATPase N-domain for Studying Tryptophan-ANS FRET
12:07

Chemical Modification of the Tryptophan Residue in a Recombinant Ca2+-ATPase N-domain for Studying Tryptophan-ANS FRET

Published on: October 9, 2021

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Triptolide is a primary bioactive compound derived from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.
  • It possesses a distinctive diterpenoid triepoxide structure.
  • Triptolide exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, making it a subject of significant research interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of triptolide's structural modifications.
  • To elucidate the structure-activity relationships of triptolide derivatives.
  • To summarize the pharmacological actions and clinical development of triptolide over the past four decades.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications from the last 40 years.
  • Analysis of structural data and reported biological activities.
  • Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of triptolide analogs.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of various structural modifications applied to the triptolide scaffold.
  • Correlation between specific structural features and observed biological effects.
  • Summary of preclinical and clinical findings regarding triptolide's efficacy and safety.

Conclusions:

  • Triptolide's unique structure underpins its potent biological activities.
  • Structure-activity relationship studies guide the development of optimized triptolide analogs.
  • Continued research into triptolide's pharmacology and clinical applications holds therapeutic promise.