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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce relaxation in these...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics01:24

Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics

Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations,  while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and the conjunctiva.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
07:28

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Transdermal tulobuterol patch, a long-actingβ(2)-agonist.

Gen Tamura1, Masakazu Ichinose, Yoshinosuke Fukuchi

  • 1Airway Institute in Sendai Co., Ltd., Miyagi, Japan. tamura@airway−sendai.com

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
|January 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The tulobuterol patch, a novel transdermal bronchodilator, effectively manages asthma and COPD by aligning peak drug delivery with morning respiratory dips. Its once-daily application ensures good patient adherence and reduces systemic side effects.

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
07:28

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Tulobuterol patch (HokunalinTM Tape) is the first transdermal bronchodilator.
  • It utilizes a beta(2)-adrenergic agonist for treating respiratory conditions.
  • Existing treatments may have limitations in delivery timing and systemic side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development rationale for the tulobuterol patch.
  • To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the tulobuterol patch in asthma and COPD.
  • To examine patient treatment adherence with the tulobuterol patch.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data and evidence since the patch's approval in 1998.
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic properties related to respiratory function.
  • Assessment of safety profiles and adverse event incidence.
  • Evaluation of patient-reported adherence and ease-of-use data.

Main Results:

  • The transdermal system optimizes drug concentration with morning respiratory function dips.
  • The tulobuterol patch demonstrates clinical efficacy and safety in asthma and COPD.
  • Once-daily application leads to good treatment adherence.
  • Reduced incidence of systemic adverse reactions compared to other delivery methods.

Conclusions:

  • The tulobuterol patch offers a safe and effective treatment option for asthma and COPD.
  • Its innovative drug delivery system enhances therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance.
  • The patch represents a significant advancement in transdermal bronchodilator therapy.