Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy During Reactive Hyperemia for the Assessment of Lower Limb Vascular Function
Published on: March 22, 2024
Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple
Mae Wu1, Rebecca Chason, Michelle Wong
1From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Naval Medical Center, and the Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Background:
Raynaud's phenomenon is a well-described pathologic state in which there is episodic vasospasm followed by vasodilation. It is described most commonly in the digits but also has been shown to affect the nipple vasculature. Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple may result in discontinuation of breastfeeding secondary to pain and disruption of the maternal-infant bonding process.
Cases:
We present the cases of two patients with painful breastfeeding associated with color changes of the nipple. Owing to a clinical presentation similar to fungal infections, the patients were treated repeatedly with antifungals before the correct diagnosis was made. Symptoms resolved with a course of nifedipine.
Conclusion:
Increased awareness in the obstetric field will lead to appropriate diagnoses, earlier treatment and relief, and more successful breastfeeding experiences.
Related Concept Videos
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
Epistaxis
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
Factors Affecting Body Temperature
Factors may include:
