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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

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Published on: December 3, 2020

Microprocessor-assisted solvent-transfer system for gallstone dissolution. In vitro and in vivo validation.

S F Zakko¹, A F Hofmann

¹Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington.

Gastroenterology

|December 1, 1990

Summary

A new microprocessor-assisted system rapidly dissolves gallbladder stones using solvents, offering a safer and more convenient alternative. This technology significantly speeds up stone dissolution and residue removal compared to traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Medical Devices
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Gallbladder stones (cholelithiasis) pose a significant health burden.
Current contact dissolution methods for gallbladder stones lack efficacy, safety, and convenience.
Need for advanced therapeutic systems for gallstone management.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a microprocessor-assisted solvent transfer system for enhanced contact dissolution of gallbladder stones.
To improve the safety, efficacy, and convenience of gallbladder stone dissolution.
To compare the performance of the new system with traditional methods.

Main Methods:

Development of a microprocessor-controlled dual-pump system for simultaneous solvent infusion and aspiration.
Utilizing a multilumen catheter for targeted solvent delivery and residue removal.
Implementing a closed-loop feedback algorithm to regulate intragallbladder pressure.
Comparing dissolution rates and residue elimination with a syringe pump using methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).

Main Results:

The system demonstrated significantly faster dissolution times for gallstones compared to syringe pumps (10 +/- 6 minutes vs. 112 +/- 81 minutes).
Complete elimination of insoluble residue was achieved in 21 +/- 9 minutes with the system, while the syringe pump was ineffective.
High solvent recovery (99% +/- 1%) and no significant marker absorption in patients confirmed system safety.
Gallbladder emptying capacity was 160-fold faster than natural rates.

Conclusions:

The microprocessor-assisted solvent transfer system offers a safe, effective, and automated solution for cholesterol gallstone dissolution.
This technology represents a significant advancement in minimally invasive gallstone treatment.
The system's ability to rapidly dissolve stones and clear residue enhances patient outcomes.