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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Does radiographic emphysema correlate with low bone mineral density?

Jessica Bon1

  • 1Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. bonjm@upmc.edu

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|January 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and osteoporosis share links, with emphysema specifically associated with low bone density. This suggests emphysema is a risk factor for COPD-related bone loss.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Published on: January 29, 2018

Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models
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Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models

Published on: April 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Epidemiologic studies reveal associations between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and osteoporosis.
  • Emerging research suggests an emphysema-specific link to low bone mineral density, independent of airflow obstruction severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for an independent association between radiographic emphysema and decreased bone mineral density.
  • To discuss potential mechanisms, including inflammation and immune factors, that link these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiologic studies and relevant research.
  • Analysis of proposed pathobiologic mechanisms connecting emphysema and bone loss.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports an independent association between radiographic emphysema and reduced bone mineral density.
  • Systemic inflammation and immune-mediated factors are implicated as potential linking mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Radiographic emphysema should be recognized as an independent risk factor in the context of COPD-related bone loss.
  • Further research into the emphysema-bone density relationship may yield targeted therapies for both conditions.