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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Absorption of Radiation01:05

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Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ &alpha; and &beta; Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
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Published on: March 11, 2021

Changing paradigms in radiobiology.

Carmel MotherSill1, Colin Seymour1

  • 1McMaster Institute of Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.

Mutation Research
|January 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiobiology has shifted from DNA damage to a broader biological perspective, incorporating environmental and genetic factors. This evolving view impacts environmental science, medical science, and systems biology.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Radiobiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Medical Science
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • The field of radiobiology has evolved significantly over the past 25 years.
  • There has been a paradigm shift from a DNA-centric view of radiation damage to a more holistic biological perspective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the changing views in radiobiology.
  • To explore the broader implications of these shifts in environmental and medical sciences, and systems biology.

Main Methods:

  • This is a reflection and discussion piece, not an experimental study.
  • It synthesizes current concepts and trends in radiobiology.

Main Results:

  • Radiobiology now emphasizes macro- and micro-environments, genetics, evolution, adaptation, and signaling.
  • New concepts like hormesis, nonlinear systems, bioenergy field theory, uncertainty, and homeodynamics are being incorporated.

Conclusions:

  • The implications of these evolving radiobiological concepts extend beyond the field itself.
  • These shifts are influencing interdisciplinary fields including environmental science, medical science, and systems biology.