Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:24

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the system's...
Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evolution of arborescence at hydraulic, structural, and developmental limits.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Ultra-high-cardinality geometric shaping in the finite SNR regime.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2024
Same author

Xylem-dwelling pathogen unaffected by local xylem vessel network properties in grapevines (Vitis spp.).

Annals of botany·2024
Same author

Hydraulic failure as a primary driver of xylem network evolution in early vascular plants.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2022
Same author

Xylem network connectivity and embolism spread in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.).

Plant physiology·2021
Same author

Low-crosstalk few-mode EDFAs using retro-reflection for single-mode fiber trunk lines and networks.

Optics express·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Interplay between PDL and nonlinear effects in coherent polarization multiplexed systems.

Olga Vassilieva1, Inwoong Kim, Youichi Akasaka

  • 1Fujitsu Laboratories of America, Inc., 2801 Telecom Parkway, Richardson, TX 75082, USA. olga.vassilieva@us.fujitsu.com

Optics Express
|January 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Polarization-dependent loss (PDL) in 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK systems causes optical power variations. This interaction worsens nonlinear tolerance, leading to a significant Q-penalty.

More Related Videos

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Optical communications engineering
  • Photonics
  • Signal processing

Background:

  • High-speed optical communication systems rely on advanced modulation formats like dual-polarization quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-QPSK).
  • Polarization-dependent loss (PDL) is an inherent impairment in optical fibers and components.
  • Fiber nonlinear effects significantly impact signal quality in high-bit-rate systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between PDL and fiber nonlinear effects.
  • To quantify the impact of PDL on optical peak power variations.
  • To determine the resulting degradation in nonlinear tolerance and Q-penalty in 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the interaction mechanism between PDL and nonlinear effects.
  • Simulation or experimental setup for 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission.
  • Measurement of optical peak power variations and Q-penalty.

Main Results:

  • PDL generates significant data-dependent optical peak power variations.
  • These variations exacerbate the negative effects of fiber nonlinearities.
  • An additional Q-penalty of 1.4 dB was observed due to this interplay.

Conclusions:

  • PDL is a critical factor affecting nonlinear tolerance in high-speed optical systems.
  • Mitigation strategies for PDL are essential for maintaining signal integrity.
  • Understanding this PDL-fiber nonlinearity interaction is crucial for future system design.