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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...

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Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
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Ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst.

M Jordan Ray1, David W Barnett, George J Snipes

  • 1Departments of Radiology (Ray, Layton, Opatowsky), Neurosurgery (Barnett), and Pathology (Snipes), Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|January 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Rupture of an intracranial dermoid cyst is rare but dangerous. Disseminated fat droplets caused aseptic chemical meningitis, requiring surgical treatment and pathological analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neuropathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Intracranial dermoid cysts are congenital tumors.
  • Rupture of these cysts is uncommon but leads to severe complications.
  • Subarachnoid dissemination of cyst contents can cause chemical meningitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of intracranial dermoid cyst rupture.
  • To describe the clinical presentation and management of associated aseptic chemical meningitis.
  • To correlate radiographic, operative, and pathologic findings.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a patient with intracranial dermoid cyst rupture.
  • Review of radiographic imaging (e.g., CT, MRI).
  • Description of surgical intervention and histopathological examination.

Main Results:

  • The patient experienced acute aseptic chemical meningitis due to disseminated fat droplets.
  • Radiographic findings indicated cyst rupture and subarachnoid spread.
  • Surgical treatment and pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Intracranial dermoid cyst rupture is a critical neurosurgical emergency.
  • Prompt diagnosis and surgical management are essential for favorable outcomes.
  • Understanding the pathological consequences aids in effective treatment strategies.