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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

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Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
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Published on: November 5, 2019

Rheumatoid meningitis.

María J Servioli1, Chandril Chugh, John M Lee

  • 1Department of Neurology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Chicago, IL, USA.

Frontiers in Neurology
|January 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare pachy-leptomeningeal process caused worsening gait and falls in an 80-year-old rheumatoid arthritis patient. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this condition and improving functional status.

Keywords:
brain biopsyrheumatoid arthritisrheumatoid leptomeningitisrheumatoid pachymeningitis

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Induction of Leptomeningeal Cells Modification Via Intracisternal Injection
05:55

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Published on: May 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can present with diverse neurological manifestations.
  • Pachy-leptomeningeal disease is a rare complication, particularly in elderly patients.
  • Gait difficulties and falls can be indicative of serious underlying neurological pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a case of pachy-leptomeningeal disease in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies for this rare condition.
  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • Clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings (MRI), and treatment outcomes were analyzed.
  • The diagnostic and therapeutic approach was discussed in the context of existing literature.

Main Results:

  • An 80-year-old female with RA developed progressive gait impairment and falls.
  • Brain MRI revealed an extra-axial enhancing lesion with contralateral extension.
  • The patient's functional status declined with disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Pachy-leptomeningeal disease is a critical differential diagnosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients with neurological symptoms.
  • Multimodal diagnostic imaging and a tailored therapeutic approach are essential.
  • Timely management can potentially improve functional outcomes and prevent further deterioration.